Extinct Molluscs

Many molluscs have already disappeared from this earth. And many will follow them if we don't protect them and their habitats better. The 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has listed 296 molluscs as extinct since 1500 AD. These molluscs consist of 257 snail species and 5 snail subspecies (Gastropoda), and 31 bivalve species and 3 bivalve subspecies (Bivalvia). The subjoined list contains 270 snail species and 8 snail subspecies, and 31 bivalve species and 3 bivalve subspecies.

Tuesday 3 May 2005, a news release from The Nature Conservancy indicated that three snail species have been rediscovered. The cobble elimia (Elimia vanuxemiana) and the Nodulose Coosa River snail (Elimia lachryma) were rediscovered in the Coosa River by Jeff Garner of the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. The Cahaba pebblesnail (Clappia cahabensis) had been rediscovered by Stephanie Clark, a postdoctoral student, in the Cahaba River south of Birmingham (Alabama, USA). These species have been removed from the subjoined list, but the 2007 IUCN Red List still classifies them as extinct. According to the IUCN the rediscovery requires confirmation before the species status can be reassessed, but it is likely to be Critically Endangered.

Extinctions of US freshwater molluscs, an overlooked catastrophe. Freshwater extinctions have been best documented in the United States, where 107 such species are known to have been lost. Molluscs (mussels and snails) in particular have been seriously affected: 78 of the 107 freshwater species extinctions in the US are molluscs. The leading cause for these extinctions is thought to be habitat destruction and alteration due to dam construction, which has turned most large free-flowing rivers in the US into a series of impoundments. However, pollution and invasive alien species (e.g., zebra mussels) have also already affected mollusc populations and continue to threaten many species. These problems are not restricted to the United States, and are likely having significant impact on freshwater faunas worldwide.
The demise of Polynesian Partula snails. Over the last 30 years, French Polynesia has seen one of the most dramatic examples of extinction caused by an invasive species. Seventy-two percent of the Partula snail species native to the Society Islands have gone extinct as a result of the introduced predatory wolf snail (Euglandina rosea). The wolf snail was originally introduced to Tahiti in 1975 as a biological control agent with the aim of halting the spread of the giant African snail (Achatina fulica). However, it instead developed a taste for the smaller Partulid snails and their rapid decline began. The invasive Wolf Snail was not confined to Tahiti. It spread rapidly, at a rate of approximately 1.5 km2 per year. By 1977 it had reached Moorea and by 1992 it was present on all six Society Islands.  The greatest loss of Partulid diversity occurred on the island of Raiatea. In a twelve-year period following the introduction of the wolf snail in 1986, all 33 native Partula species disappeared in the wild. Just four of Raiatea’s Partula species remain alive in captivity. It is possible that the only species in the genus Samoana (S. attenuata) has also disappeared.

Bivalves (Bivalvia)  

31 species / 3 subspecies

Snails (Gastropoda)  

270 species / 8 subspecies

Missing (0) Extinct in the Wild (14)
Not Recognised (1) Other Animal Groups

Bivalve species (31)
Scientific Name Common Name TEW Status IUCN Status
Alasmidonta mccordi Coosa Elktoe

EX

EX

Alasmidonta robusta

Carolina Elktoe EX EX
Alasmidonta wrightiana Ochlockonee Arcmussel EX EX
Elliptio nigella Recovery Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma arcaeformis Arc-form Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma biemarginata Angled Riffleshell EX EX
Epioblasma flexuosa Arcuate Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma haysiana Acorn Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma lenior Stone's Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma lewisii Lewis Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma personata Fine-rayed Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma propingua Nearby Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma sampsonii Sampson's Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma stewardsonii Steward's Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma turgidula Turgid-blossom Pearly Mussel EX EX
Lampsilis binominata Lined Pocketbook EX EX
Medionodus mcglameriae Tombigbee Moccasinshell EX EX
Pleurobema altum Highnut EX EX
Pleurobema avellanum Hazel Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema bournianum Scioto Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema flavidulum Yellow Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema hagleri Brown Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema hanleyianum Georgia Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema johannis Alabama Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema murrayense Coosa Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema nucleopsis Longnut EX EX
Pleurobema rubellum Warrior Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema taitianum Heavy Pigtoe EX EX
Pleurobema troschelianum Alabama Clubshell EX EX
Pleurobema verum True Pigtoe EX EX
Unio cariei Réunion Freshwater Mussel EX EX

Bivalve subspecies (3)
Scientific Name Common Name TEW Status IUCN Status
Epioblasma florentina florentina Yellow-blossom Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum Green-blossom Pearly Mussel EX EX
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa Tubercled-blossom Pearly Mussel EX EX

Snail species (270)
Scientific Name Common Name TEW Status IUCN Status
Achatinella abbreviata   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella buddii   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella caesia   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella casta   Unknown EX EX

Achatinella decora

Unknown EX EX
Achatinella dimorpha   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella elegans   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella juddii   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella juncea   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella lehuiensis   Unknown EX EX

Achatinella livida  

Unknown EX EX
Achatinella papyracea   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella spaldingi   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella thaanumi   Unknown EX EX
Achatinella valida   Unknown EX EX
Advena campbelli   Unknown EX EX
Amastra albolabris   Unknown EX EX
Amastra cornea   Unknown EX EX
Amastra crassilabrum   Unknown EX EX
Amastra elongata Unknown EX EX
Amastra forbesi   Unknown EX EX
Amastra pellucida   Unknown EX EX
Amastra porcus   Unknown EX EX
Amastra reticulata Unknown EX EX
Amastra subrostrata Unknown EX EX
Amastra subsoror   Unknown EX EX
Amastra tenuispira   Unknown EX EX
Amastra umbilicata   Unknown EX EX
Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis   Unknown EX EX
Amphigyra alabamensis Shoal Sprit EX EX
Angrobia dulvertonensis   Unknown EX EX
Auriculella expansa Unknown EX EX
Auriculella uniplicata Unknown EX EX
Beddomeia tumida   Unknown EX EX
Belgrandia varica Unknown EX Not Listed
Belgandiella intermedia   Unknown EX EX
Bythiospeum pfeifferi Unknown EX EN

Caldwellia philyrina  

Unknown EX EX
Campolaemus perexilis   Unknown EX EX
Carelia anceophila   Unknown EX EX
Carelia bicolor   Unknown EX EX
Carelia cochlea   Unknown EX EX
Carelia cumingiana   Unknown EX EX

Carelia dolei  

Unknown EX EX
Carelia evelynae   Unknown EX EX
Carelia glossema   Unknown EX EX
Carelia hyattiana   Unknown EX EX
Carelia kalalauensis   Unknown EX EX

Carelia knudseni

Unknown EX EX
Carelia lirata   Unknown EX EX
Carelia lymani   Unknown EX EX
Carelia mirabilis   Unknown EX EX
Carelia necra Unknown EX EX
Carelia olivacea Unknown EX EX
Carelia paradoxa Unknown EX EX

Carelia periscelis

Unknown EX EX
Carelia pilsbryi   Unknown EX EX
Carelia sinclairi   Unknown EX EX
Carelia tenebrosa   Unknown EX EX
Carelia turricula   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis blofeldi   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis exulatus   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis helena   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis melanoides   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis nonpareil   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis subplicatus   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis subtruncatus   Unknown EX EX
Chilonopsis turtoni   Unknown EX EX
Clappia umbilicata Umbilicate Pebblesnail   EX EX
Collisella edmitchelli   Unknown EX EX
Colparion madgei   Unknown EX EX
Ctenoglypta newtoni   Unknown EX EX
Cyclophorus horridulum   Unknown EX EX
Cyclophorus mariei   Unknown EX EX
Diastole matafaoi Mount Matafao Different Snail   EX EX
Discus engonatus Unknown EX Not Listed
Discula lyelliana Unknown EX CR
Discus retextus Unknown EX Not Listed
Discula tetrica Unknown EX CR
Discus textilis Unknown EX Not Listed
Dupontia proletaria   Unknown EX EX
Elimia brevis  Short-spired Elimia   EX EX
Elimia clausa Closed Elimia   EX EX
Elimia fusiformis Fusiform Elimia   EX EX
Elimia gibbera Unknown EX EX
Elimia hartmaniana High-spired Elimia   EX EX
Elimia impressa Constricted Elimia   EX EX
Elimia jonesi Hearty Elimia   EX EX
Elimia laeta Ribbed Elimia   EX EX
Elimia macglameriana   Unknown EX EX
Elimia pilsbryi Rough-lined Elimia EX EX
Elimia pupaeformis Pupa Elimia   EX EX
Elimia pygmaea Pygmy Elimia   EX EX
Elimia varians Puzzle Elimia EX EX
Erepta nevilli   Unknown EX EX
Gastrocopta chichijimana   Unknown EX EX
Gastrocopta ogasawarana   Unknown EX EX
Geomitra delphinuloides Unknown EX CR
Geomitra grabhami Unknown EX Not Listed
Gibbus lyonetianus   Unknown EX EX
Gonidomus newtoni   Unknown EX EX
Gonospira nevilli   Unknown EX EX
Graecoanatolica macedonica Unknown (from Greece and Macedonia) EX EX
Gulella mayottensis   Unknown EX EX
Gyralina hausdorfi Unknown EX Not Listed

Gyrotoma excisa

Excised Slitshell   EX EX
Gyrotoma lewisii Striate Slitshell   EX EX
Gyrotoma pagoda Pagoda Slitshell   EX EX
Gyrotoma pumila Ribbed Slitshell   EX EX
Gyrotoma pyramidata Pyramid Slitshell   EX EX
Gyrotoma walkeri Round Slitshell   EX EX
Harmogenanina linophora   Unknown EX EX
Harmogenanina subdetecta   Unknown EX EX
Helenoconcha leptalea   Unknown EX EX
Helenoconcha minutissima   Unknown EX EX
Helenoconcha polyodon   Unknown EX EX
Helenoconcha pseustes   Unknown EX EX
Helenoconcha sexdentata   Unknown EX EX
Helenodiscus bilamellata   Unknown EX EX
Helenodiscus vernoni   Unknown EX EX
Hirasea planulata   Unknown EX EX
Incerticyclus cinereus   Unknown EX EX
Incerticyclus martinicensis   Unknown EX EX
Janulus pompylius Unknown EX Not Listed
Keraea garachicoensis Unknown EX Not Listed
Lamellidea monodonta   Unknown EX EX
Lamellidea nakadai Unknown EX EX
Leiostyla abbreviata Unknown EX CR
Leiostyla gibba Unknown EX CR
Leiostyla lamellosa Madeiran Landsnail   EX EX
Leptoxis clipeata Agate Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis compacta Oblong Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis foremanii Interrupted Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis formosa Maiden Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis ligata Rotund Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis lirata Lyrate Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis occultata Bigmouth Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis showalterii Coosa Rocksnail   EX EX
Leptoxis torrefacta   Unknown EX EX
Leptoxis vittata Striped Rocksnail   EX EX
Leucocharis loyaltiensis   Unknown EX EX
Leucocharis porphyrochiela   Unknown EX EX
Libera subcavernula   Unknown EX EX
Libera tumuloides   Unknown EX EX
Littoraria flammea   Unknown EX EX
Littoridina gaudichaudii   Unknown EX EX
Lottia alveus Eelgrass Limpet   EX EX
Lyropupa perlonga   Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha acuticosta   Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha consimilis   Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha consobrina Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha maupiensis Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha parvidens Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha punctiperforata Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha saintjohni Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha subtilis Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha unilamellata Unknown EX EX
Mautodontha zebrina Unknown EX EX
Megalobulimus cardosoi Unknown EX EX
Nancibella quintalia Unknown EX EX
Neoplanorbis carinatus Unknown EX EX
Neoplanorbis smithi Unknown EX EX
Neoplanorbis umbilicatus Unknown EX EX
Nesopupa turtoni Unknown EX EX
Newcombia philippiana Unknown EX EX
Ohridohauffenia drimica Unknown EX EX
Oleacina guadeloupensis   Unknown EX EX
Omphalotropis plicosa Unknown EX EX
Pachnodus velutinus Unknown EX EX
Pachystyla rufozonata   Unknown EX EX
Panulena perrugosa   Unknown EX EX
Parmacella gervaisii Unknown EX Not Listed
Partula affinis   Unknown EX EX
Partula approximata   Unknown EX EX
Partula arguta Unknown EX EX
Partula atilis Unknown EX EX
Partula attenuata Unknown EX EX
Partula aurantia Moorean Viviparous Tree Snail   EX EX
Partula auriculata Unknown EX EX
Partula bilineata Unknown EX EX
Partula callifera Unknown EX EX
Partula candida Unknown EX EX
Partula castanea Unknown EX EX
Partula cedista Unknown EX EX
Partula citrina Unknown EX EX
Partula compacta Unknown EX EX
Partula crassilabris Unknown EX EX
Partula cuneata Unknown EX EX
Partula cytherea Unknown EX EX
Partula dolichostoma Unknown EX EX
Partula dolorosa Unknown EX EX
Partula eremita   Unknown EX EX
Partula exigua Moorean Viviparous Tree Snail   EX EX
Partula formosa   Unknown EX EX
Partula fusea   Unknown EX EX
Partula imperforata   Unknown EX EX
Partula jackieburchi   Unknown EX EX
Partula leptochila   Unknown EX EX
Partula levilineata   Unknown EX EX
Partula levistriata   Unknown EX EX
Partula lutea   Unknown EX EX
Partula microstoma   Unknown EX EX
Partula nodosa   Unknown EX EX
Partula planilabrum   Unknown EX EX
Partula producta   Unknown EX EX
Partula protea   Unknown EX EX
Partula protracta   Unknown EX EX
Partula radiata Unknown EX EX
Partula raiatensis   Unknown EX EX
Partula remota   Unknown EX EX
Partula robusta Unknown EX EX
Partula rustica   Unknown EX EX
Partula sagitta   Unknown EX EX
Partula salifana Mount Alifana Partula   EX EX
Partula salifera   Unknown EX EX
Partula thalia   Unknown EX EX
Partula turgida   Unknown EX EX
Partula umbilicata   Unknown EX EX
Partula variabilis   Unknown EX EX
Partula vittata   Unknown EX EX
Partulina crassa   Unknown EX EX
Partulina montagui   Unknown EX EX
Perdicella fulgurans   Unknown EX EX
Perdicella maniensis   Unknown EX EX
Perdicella zebra   Unknown EX EX
Perdicella zebrina   Unknown EX EX
Physella microstriata Fish Lake Physa   EX EX
Placostylus cuniculinsulae   Unknown EX EX
Planorbella multivolvis Acorn Ramshorn   EX EX
Pleurodonte desidens   Unknown EX EX
Posticobia norfolkensis   Unknown EX EX
Pseudocampylaea loweii   Unknown (from Madeira, Portugal) EX EX
Pseudohelenoconcha spurca   Unknown EX EX
Pupilla obliquicosta   Unknown EX EX
Pyrgulopsis nevadensis Corded Purg   EX EX
Pyrgulopsis olivacea Olive Marstonia EX EX
Quintalia flosculus   Unknown EX EX
Quintalia stoddartii   Unknown EX EX
Rhachis comorensis   Unknown EX EX
Rhachis sanguineus   Unknown EX EX
Rhodacme filosa Wicker Ancylid   EX EX
Sinployea canalis   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea decorticata   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea harveyensis Unknown EX EX
Sinployea otareae   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea planospira   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea proxima   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea rudis   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea tenuicostata   Unknown EX EX
Sinployea youngi   Unknown EX EX
Somatogyrus alcoviensis Reverse Pebblesnail   EX EX
Somatogyrus amnicoloides Oachita Pebblesnail   EX EX
Somatogyrus crassilabris Thick-lipped Pebblesnail   EX EX
Somatogyrus wheeleri Channeled Pebblesnail   EX EX
Taipidon anceyana   Unknown EX EX
Taipidon marquesana Unknown EX EX
Taipidon octolamellata   Unknown EX EX
Thaumatodon multilamellata   Unknown EX EX
Tomigerus gibberulus   Unknown EX EX
Tomigerus turbinatus   Unknown EX EX
Tornelasmias capricorni   Unknown EX EX
Trochoidea picardi Unknown EX EX
Tropidophora desmazuresi   Unknown EX EX
Tropidophora semilineata   Unknown EX EX
Vitrinula chaunax   Unknown EX EX
Vitrinula chichijimana   Unknown EX EX
Vitrinula hahajimana Unknown EX EX
Zonites santoriniensis Unknown EX Not Listed
Zonites siphnicus  Unknown EX Not Listed

 

Snail subspecies (8)
Scientific Name Common Name TEW Status IUCN Status

Achatinella apexfulva vittata

Unknown EX EX
Achatinella bulimoides rosea   Unknown EX EX
Caseolus calvus galeatus Unknown EX Not Listed
Leptaxis simia hyaena Unknown EX Not Listed
Partula suturalis suturalis Sutural Partula EX EX
Partula taeniata taeniata Moorean Viviparious Tree Snail   EX EX
Placostylus bivaricosus etheridgei Unknown EX EX
Zonites embolium elevatus Unknown EX Not Listed