| The
hydrocoral Millepora boschmai, endemic to Panama, disappeared from
shallow reef habitats during the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO),
and was believed to have suffered extinction (Glynn and de Weerdt 1991). A
survey in a relatively deep, off-reef habitat about nine years following
the first disappearance of this species revealed a living population of
under 100 colonies (Glynn and Feingold 1992). Evidently this population,
located on the north shore of Uva Island (named Lazarus Cove), Gulf of
Chiriquí, Panamá, survived the 1982-83 ENSO warming event.
Unfortunately, all of these colonies bleached and died six years later,
during the 1997-98 ENSO. (Glynn
2001) No confirmed living animals are known, although animals
possibly conspecific with this species have recently been reported from
Indonesia. Research into this possibility is recommended. (IUCN 2008) |